David Gutersons Snow Falling on Cedars Essay examples -- Guterson Sno

David Guterson's Snow Falling on Cedars The mid 1940’s were extreme occasions for some Japanese living in America. This is all because of the Japanese and American clash in World War II, after Japan chose to bomb Pearl Harbor. After this occurrence numerous Japanese-Americans were oppressed and were thought of as terrible Japanese rather than the Americans they were. A great deal of these Japanese-Americans were unreasonably sent to internment camps in the United States. This is additionally valid for the episodes that happen in the anecdotal novel Snow Falling On Cedars, by David Guterson. The separation all began at about 8:00 AM on December 7, 1941. As of now the Japanese collected an armada of planes and assaulted Pearl Harbor, which is situated off the shore of Hawaii. The Japanese chose to assault the United States on the grounds that the U.S. upheld an oil ban against Japan. This assault incorporated a striking power of 353 Japanese airplane. This was finished by all out shock, before there was even a conventional affirmation of war. This was a very much arranged time for the assault perceiving how there were around 100 of the United States ships present on that day. Simultaneously there was an assault on a close by field. This assault wrecked 18 of the United States airplane (Pearl 1). During the hour of the assault on Pearl Harbor, there were 127,000 individuals of Japanese average that were living in America. A considerable lot of the Americans started to expect that these individuals were going to turn on America and help out their nation of lineage. The acco mpanying statement shows what it resembled for some Japanese living in America. Around 1,500 â€Å"enemy aliens† who were thought to have associations with Japan were quickly gathered together and interned by the De... ...s, the eyes of a man concealing something (269).† The Americans judge the Kabuo on account of his squinted Japanese eyes. They imagine that his eyes show that he is concealing his blame. The epic Snow Falling On Cedars shows a great deal of a similar partiality that was around in reality during World War II. This book was only an anecdotal story, however it certainly dealt with the circumstance of this present reality around then. Ideally one day all races and ethnicities can join together and live in one spot with out partiality. Works Cited Arrington, Leonard. The Price of Prejudice. Logan, Utah: The Faculty Association Utah State University, 1962 Guterson, David. Snow Falling on Cedars. New York: Vintage Books, 1995 â€Å"Korematsu V. US† <http://home.twcny.rr.com/pistolpete/korematsu.html> â€Å"Pearl Harbor: Remembered† <http://www.execpc.com/~dschaaf/overview.html>

Bible Influences Essay Example For Students

Book of scriptures Influences Essay ZOROASTRIANISM, JUDAISM, ANDCHRISTIANITYZoroastrianism, Judaism, and Christianity share such a significant number of highlights that it appears that there must be an association between them. There is a lot of Zoroastrian impact in both Judaism and Christianity. In 586 BCE, the powers of the Babylonian Empire vanquished the Jews, annihilating their Temple and taking away an extent of the Jewish populace into oust. It was during the finish of the Exile, among the Jews presently living in the Persian Empire, that the firstsignificant contact was made between the Jewish and Iranian societies. What's more, it is apparent in the Bible that Jewish deduction changed after the Exile. During the Exile, Jews needed to change not just how they revered, since they no longer had their sanctuary or the creature penances which had been at the focal point of their confidence, yet in addition how they considered God. The Jewish idea of God as their ancestral defender, who might spare them from being vanquished or ousted, needed to experience update. The two components are available, moving the adjustments in post-exilic Judaism: not just the Jews pondering God and humankind, yet in addition contact with the Zoroastrian religion of the Persian Empire. The majority of Zoroastrianism, known and rehearsed among the individuals, existed in oral custom: through verbal, not by the investigation of composed sacred writings. This oral custom included anecdotes about God, the Creation, the moral and infinite clash of Good and Evil, the heavenly Judgment and the apocalypse. The custom would likewise incorporate the notable Zoroastrian imagery of fire, light and dimness, just as stories and petitions about the yazatas or middle profound creatures and the Prophet Zarathushtra. These are generally components of what may be called great Zoroastrianism. This is the manner by which the Jews experienced Zoroastrianism in private exchanges and political and community experience, as opposed to in formal strict examinations. Furthermore, as the Jewish religion was re-made after the calamity of the Exile, these Zoroastrian lessons started to channel into the Jewish strict culture. The monotheists of Zarathushtra had the option to fuse the adoration of subordinate divinities into their love, as long as these subordinates were perceived as manifestations of the One God and not divine beings in their own right. The Jews would perceive holy messengers as semi-divine go-betweens, yet would not venture to such an extreme as the Zoroastrians in respecting those delegates with psalms of acclaim, for example, the Yashts. One of the most significant contrasts between Jewish monotheism and Zoroastrian monotheism is that Jews perceive the one God as the wellspring of both great and abhorrent, light and murkiness, while Zoroastrians, during all the periods of their long religious history, consider God just as the wellspring of Good, with Evil as a different rule. There is an acclaimed entry in Second Isaiah, made during or after the Exile, which is now and again refered to as a Jewish censure to the Zoroastrian thought of a dualistic God: I structure the light, and make dimness: I make harmony, and make fiendish: I the Lord do every one of these things. (Isaiah 45:7) This section, which is a significant hotspot for Jewish hypothesis on the wellspring of good and wickedness on the planet, precludes th e Zoroastrian thought from securing a God who is the source just of good and positive things. The philosophical personalities of the two societies may to be sure have perceived each other as individual monotheists, however this focal Jewish regulation is one which was not gained from the Zoroastrians. It developed from the first monotheistic disclosure ascribed to Moses, similarly as Zoroastrian monotheism developed from the disclosure of Zarathushtra. These were two equal excursions towards comprehension of one God. There are different turns of events, in any case, in the Jewish confidence which are substantially more effectively associated with Zoroastrian thoughts. Human Rights Violations Essay This perspective on dualism is an emblematic change, and a development, of the more mentally based educating of Zarathushtra that great and malice are moral decisions and perspectives. Both grandiose and moral dualism exist together in Zoroastrian idea all through the long history of the confidence; their history isn't one of a perfect thought of moral dualism which is superseded or defiled by the possibility of infinite dualism. What's more, impressions of the two sorts of dualism are found in Jewish reasoning. The Biblical book of Deuteronomy, similar to the next early books of the Old Testament, was re-altered and perhaps even re-composed during and after the Exile. A significant entry in Deuteronomy 30:15 shows a Jewish rendition of moral dualism: See, today I set before you life and success, demise and fiasco. In the event that you comply with the decrees of YHVH your God that I urge on you today, on the off chance that you love YHVH your God and follow His ways, in the event that you keep His rules, His laws, His traditions, you will live and increment, and YHVH your God will favor you in the land which you are entering to make your own. However, on the off chance that your heart strays, on the off chance that you won't tune in, on the off chance that you let yourself be brought into venerating different divine beings and serving them, I disclose to you today, you will unquestionably die.. ..I set before you crucial, gift or revile. Pick life, at that point, with the goal that you and your relatives may live. (Deuteronomy 31:15-19, Jewish Bible Translation) But in spite of these Jewish impressions of moral dualism, it is the convention of enormous dualism, with its fanciful and representative substance, that most affected the later Jewish masterminds. Indeed, even before the Exile, under the danger of devastation by remote domains, Jewish prophets were pushing toward a dream of political, however infinite war and calamity. This kind of prediction, after the Exile, developed into prophetically calamitous, which originates from the Greek word apokalypsis which implies disclosure. This is a type of strict narrating, verse, and lecturing which utilizes a significant level of fanciful imagery to portray not just an infinite fight between the powers of Good and Evil, yet additionally a calendar for the coming End of Time. It is extremely apparent to see that despite the fact that the first content of the Gathas was most presumably unavailable to the Jews, the lessons of Zarathushtra were a piece of the strict culture of the Persian individuals among whom numerous Jews lived. Zoroastrianism, from the earliest starting point, has encouraged that time and Gods creation has a start, a center, and an end-time in which all spirits will be judged. This is the premise of what the Christian conviction depends on and it is anything but difficult to reach the inference that Zoroastrianism impacted Christianity and on the Bible. Religion

To Kill a Mockingbird free essay sample

What systems can strategy creators utilize to advance fruitful arrangement usage Policies, approach producers and association with history - Essay Example This procedure really includes the interpretation of the destinations of the approach into the framework. It has three essential components which incorporate making obligation or an office who might deal with this new duty. Furthermore, there should be operational principles and rules for the approach program and staff and assets should be facilitated with the goal that the plan of the arrangement is accomplished. Proposition articulation Policy usage is the following stage after selection of a strategy and they represent the deciding moment the arrangement. There will be no impact on society if the approach is rarely executed; anyway this is a mind boggling system that has numerous aspects and elements for progress. Arrangement execution Policies likewise have certain planned and unintended impacts. Expected impacts are those that mean to search out a positive profit by an approach and this could likewise be one of the manners in which that strategies really stay away from the negat ive impacts. That is the reason there is a norm and arrangement creators will consistently contrast their approach against the standard with see whether it is above or underneath the standard. A model could incorporate the approach the State of California executed which prompted the expansion being used of mixture vehicles. The Federal Law gave tax reductions worth $1500 just as extraordinary paths to mixture vehicles which prompted an expansion in the utilization of half and half vehicles and this prompted a beneficial outcome or an expected impact. The legislature made an impact by making a move which was the approach despite the fact that the alternative of ‘high-inhabitance vehicle lanes’ isn't accessible for new half and half vehicles. (Suleiman, 1984) Negative reactions that are not expected are called ‘unintended’ and they are normally on the grounds that strategy making frameworks are generally perplexing. They may set the expense rate so high or so low that this discourages cash from the economy. In this manner the arrangement usage fine brushes the approach activities with the goal that these unintended impacts are dealt with; anyway it is difficult to evacuate the whole negative impacts while execution. (Yates, 1977) Policy making as previously mentioned is where the administration really completes and executes a specific strategy that is received when it is required by the law or something else. The various offices that are liable for the individual approach regions meet up and are given the conventional obligation regarding executing the strategy and this is typically the phase when the bill is not, at this point a bill yet turns into a law. When the legislature has made an open approach, for example, a standard, law, order, resolution or any guideline, the arrangement must be executed and observed, regulated and afterward it ought to be constrained upon society so it achieves the change that strategy creators want it to. The office that is answerable for usage is enabled the ideal assets and to permit the new arrangement to be actualized easily, anyway this is normally not the situation. Be that as it may, for what reason is open approach executed in any case? Open arrangements are executed so that there is some adjustment in the populace with the goal that a specific open issue is settled or if nothing else enhanced at any rate. The difficult will keep on existing until the arrangement is done and once the strategy is actualized, it will be assessed to check whether the outcomes that were wanted are being acquired and further update and implantation can happen. Organizations of organization will do the greater part of crafted by the administration thus they affect the residents of the area and are engaged with approach implementa

Bartolomé de Las Casas.. Immanuel Kant, “What Is Enlightenment?” Response Essay

This perusing is a record of the revelation of the Americas by Spanish Christians. It recounts the annihilation of the numerous islands around Hispaniola and the territory of what is currently North America for forty-nine years. On the Spaniards appearance the Natives did no mischief to them and trusted them to be dropped from the sky. That was until the Spanish started to murder and torment them because of their ravenousness for what the Natives had. The decisions of changing over to the Christian religion or kicking the bucket were the Native’s just alternatives and anybody giving any indication of obstruction were murdered. An expected 12 million Native American spirits were lost during those forty-nine years because of the obliteration. The thought processes behind the Spanish’s taking over of the land should be strict yet the killings, savagery and burglary gave no indication of religion by any means. It was about covetousness and the Native American’s were dealt with amazingly unreasonably. The Spaniards eagerness shielded them from regarding the Natives as anything over monsters. It likewise makes me wonder how they would have treated the Chinese or Asians, since that is the thing that they were initially searching for on their journey west. Perusing: 18-5 Immanuel Kant, â€Å"What Is Enlightenment? † This perusing is an article by Immanuel Kant broadly expounding on the absence of edification, clarify what illumination is and what the open needs so as to be edified. Kant clarifies what reliance is and how it is difficult for somebody to work themselves out of it and that edification is a person’s rising up out of their own reliance. He says that people in general can just accomplish illumination gradually. Opportunity is required for illumination as indicated by Kant, the opportunity to utilize our own explanation on issues. I imagine that this exposition has an amazing message. Kant clarifies how significant it is for people to be autonomous and free all together for the general population all in all to be edified. Doubtlessly these things are sound judgment to individuals, since they truly are straightforward and things that we here consistently yet I have never truly thought of it the manner in which Kant clarifies it. Kant’s words are kind of a manual for what individuals ought to make progress toward throughout everyday life.

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Get Your Paper Writing Services by Using Online Paper Writing ServicesThe online paper writing services are the most reliable for all the clients, because they are aware of all the needs of all the clients. Their team consists of professionals who are ready to respond to the requirements of the client. They take care of all the topics of writing and also provide the necessary skills of writing like writing articles, writing articles using the language of the client and so on. You can easily get hold of these online services from their websites.Online paper writing services are able to do all the tasks without any hassle and trouble. They are also ready to give you quotes as per your requirements. You can easily get hold of them from the websites of the company. There are so many companies that provide this service. So, you need to choose the best one so that you get cheap and best services.These online writing services are available in various packages and prices. But, the pricing de pends on the need of the clients. All the online companies offer different kinds of services and they do not offer any bundle in order to save cost. The packages are categorized in categories according to the requirement of the clients.You can get the data about the companies by visiting their websites. All the information about the companies are available on their website. You can easily get hold of the packages and can choose the best from it. If you do not know anything about the company then you can also contact the staff of the company so that you can get hold of their address and other details.By visiting their websites, you can get a useful business card. These cards can be used to promote your business. You can also get the rate of the prices for the packages and then you can compare these rates with the rates offered by the different companies. These companies charge different rates according to the customer requirement. The online paper writing services also offer the conv enience of money back guarantee. The packages are available in different packages and according to the number of papers that you send, you can get a discount in the price. If you use the package for long term then you can also get free return service in which you can get your papers back with the first used for free.They can help you to write the content very fast and effectively. There are some companies which can give you two or three hundred pages of paper for only twenty five dollars. You can select the right one and get hold of the best rate.

College Choices

Many people in high school cannot wait to go tocollege and leave their hometowns behind. I am one of those people.Questions arise, though, when it comes to all of the decisions involvedin choosing a college.One of the first considerations may befinancial. State and public colleges are often the least expensive.Often, though, the better colleges are private and more expensive. It issad when gifted students cannot attend a college of their choice justfor financial reasons.Another major factor is location. Whetherthe college is in a small town or large city can have a major impact onits activities. A water lover probably will be more comfortable spendingfour years near an ocean or lake. Those who cannot tolerate heat willprobably be more comfortable at a northern college. Distance from homemay also come into consideration. If family is a top priority, thatperson should stay close to home; on the other hand, if independence isdesired, a campus farther from home would be moreappropriate.S chool size also plays a major role in the decisionprocess. If you want to get to know your teachers and avoid feeling likejust a number, a small college is suitable. For those of you whoconsider yourself a "people person" and want a wide range ofactivities, a large college is more fitting.Your area ofinterest is another factor to consider in the decision-making process ifyou want to get the most from your education. The whole point of collegeis to learn what is of interest to you.Finally, one must takeinto consideration the colleges to which you can realistically beaccepted. An Ivy League school for an average student would probably notbe a good match. Similarly, an average school for an above-averagestudent would not work well. The college should provide enough of achallenge for the student to work hard. Although there may not be theperfect college out there, there probably will be one that is close.Those who cannot find a suitable college are probably not looking hardenough.

Dantes Work - 1329 Words

Dantes work, in all its complexity and its value, was a contemporary landmark even only if we consider the admiration which Boccaccio sent to him; over the centuries, from Chaucer and Chateaubriand, to Miguel de Unamuno, all the great minds have turned to the model represented by Dante. Although Vita Nuova it is widely known as the most noble manifesto of Italian poetry (Hede, p.34), and the most perfect expression of the sweet new style, a mostly candid and ingà ©nue story of Dantes love for the Florentine Beatrice Portinari, Dante’s name became synonymous with The Divine Comedy. The writer began to write his masterpiece since 1307, before his exile years, and it was the capital work that Dante has developed until the last moment of his†¦show more content†¦How did Dante thought to express this imaginary reality, in such a concrete appearance? It should be added - before giving an answer to this question - that the main purpose of the author was not necessarily to create a work of art, which the audience would simply admire. He wanted to provide first and foremost a teaching tool, to make us - reading his book - to think of ourselves and maybe to place ourselves exactly where we think we deserve. Transposing us in those situations, trying to correct our lives, we can avoid the infernal circles. Dante is not only the writer who thinks that structure, but also the character that passes through Hell (Raffa, 11). He got there because at one point in his life he got lost. Sins are punished by equivalent rules (which in Italian were called the Legge del contrapasso). Each type of sin is punished in an equivalent manner. For example the lustful, those who cheated in love, have betrayed their pair, will fly as birds and will be struck by rocks, without any second of rest. What was their fault in life? They did not stuck with their partners, but have wandered in search of other love affairs, and they struggled to find new carnal pleasures. Now they are not allowed any time off and rest; theShow MoreRelatedSocial Worker And Social Workers1233 Words   |  5 Pageshaving problems at school you re gonna get to see the school counselor. There are eight different types of social workers so whatever problems you might be having try to get a hold one of these superheroes. One of my earliest memories of social work was the film Lilo Stitch where there was a social worker character in the film named Cobra Bubbles. As a social worker he wanted to ensure the Lilo was being well taken care of by her sister Nani who was also really young despite be legally consideredRead MoreHell in Dantes Divine Comedy Essay example1364 Words   |  6 PagesHell in the divine Comedy and Aeneid In Dante’s Divine Comedy, Dante incorporates Virgil’s portrayal of Hades (In The Aeneid) into his poem, and similarities between the Inferno and Hades can be drawn, however Dante wasn’t attempting to duplicate Virgil’s works. Although the Hell depicted in Dante’s Inferno is essentially based on the literary construction of the underworld found in Virgil’s Aeneid, in their particulars the two kingdoms are quite different. Virgil’s underworld is largelyRead MoreInterpretation Of The Translation Of Dante s Divine Comedies1296 Words   |  6 Pageshas been translated from its original work we are faced with the challenge of determining whether or not this translation embodies the true spirit of the work and its original intention. Since a translation is a form of interpretation, we run the risk of the translator assuming that the author used certain word choices to convey a specific meaning, which could lead to an incorrect int erpretation of the work based on the translator’s bias. In reference to Dante’s Divine Comedies unless we can read theRead MoreEssay about The Divine Comedy1224 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough hell, keep going. If you were to describe Dante’s Divine Comedy as simply as possible you would use this quote. However, Dante’s Divine Comedy has never been that simple. Sure, it is about religion and hell and heaven. But it is also about political ideas. The way spirituality and politics commingle in Dante’s world has interested literature fiends and political theorists alike. So what exactly is Dante’s Divine Comedy? How did Dante’s everyday life affect this piece of literature? And mostRead MoreThe Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri Essays983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri Dante Alighieris The Divine Comedy, Purgatory Dantes The Divine Comedy section of Purgatory is a depiction of Dante and his struggle to reach paradise. He is a character as well as a narrator. The purgatory section deals with the seven deadly sins and Dantes task of cleansing himself on his journey to heaven. He confronts many different people on his journey to self-righteousness, which help and guide him to his destiny. Accompanied by Virgil or reasonRead MoreAnalysis of Dante ´s Inferno Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesDante’s Inferno is a very important piece of literature. There are many things to be learned from it, from the face value knowledge that Hell is a bad place, to a deeper understanding of how God intended us to live; but the most important lesson to be learned here is the power of allegory. Nancy Thuleen says this about it. â€Å"Dantes portrayal of Hell in the Inferno is an undisputed masterpiece of visual and allegorical imagery, enriched not only by extens ive use of figurative language, but by concreteRead MoreAnalysis Of Over The Garden Wall 970 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough unfamiliar territory in search of a way home, and meet other unusual characters along the way. The show resembles Dante’s own trip to the afterlife in many ways. Over the Garden Wall alludes to Dante’s Commedia through its settings, the characters, and the aspects that the two versions of the afterlife share, all of which implies that the series is based loosely on Dante’s travels in his Commedia. In the opening scene of the show, Wirt and Greg are lost in a forest with no recollection ofRead MoreDante s Inferno And The Divine Comedy1208 Words   |  5 PagesIn Dante’s Inferno and his levels of hell there are many things that we have in common as a person today’s society. This essay will discuss the issues in Dante’s Inferno and The Divine Comedy that are still true to this day as they were back when Dante wrote this comedy. Some views Dante considers are not the same to everyone, but some views are still apparent in today’s society. With these views being common it can be said that Dante’s views are common for people in today’s society. Many peopleRead MoreTheme Of Punishment In Dantes Inferno925 Words   |  4 PagesIn many classic works of literature, heroes venture to the depths of hell. Hell is a place found in literature of all kinds. Why is hell such a common theme found in several literary works? A majority of people believe that there is some kind of hell, and that hell is a form of punishment for things done on Earth after death. Dante Alighieri of Florence in the 1300s created modern society’s viewpoint on hell. He wrote his Divine Comedy, which consisted of Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. In TheRead MoreAdaptation Of Dantes Inferno914 Words   |  4 Pageskeeping them intriguing. In any case, when the same poem, or a component of a poem is utilized in a new way, it will spark debates on which one is superior. Mary Jo Bang gives an innovative, new interpretation of Dante’s Inferno, represented with illustrations by Henrik Drescher. Dante’s epic lyric and Mary Jo Bang’s translation of the Inferno are both extraordinary and novel vehicles through which to experience a journey. When translating this epic poem from the fourteenth century, Mary Jo Bang had

Lord of the Flies Central Thematic Dichotomy - 922 Words

Lord of the Flies By Alyssa Advano 10SH The theme of the central thematic dichotomy in lord of the flies is conveyed through many ways through out the first three chapters. The once majestic island has begun to seem as if it is only a mask for the true concealed â€Å"beastie.† The seemingly paradisiacal island is very similar to the Garden of Eden as it obtains beauty by the vast amounts of growing foliage such as the â€Å"blue flowers,† â€Å"candlebuds,† and dense green forest. On the crust the cool, calm and peaceful persona is vivid and clear however just below lies the greed and savagery of all man kind which in the biblical story says that evil was exposed through Eve when she gave into temptation and disobeyed god’s commands however, in†¦show more content†¦Also the fact that they took the glasses forcefully without Piggy’s consent is a sign that the children have not only begun to loose respect for items but also for manners which coincides with the theme that the boys are loosing respect for proper behavior and therefore loosing respect for civilization. This again also foreshadows the future because Piggy’s glasses are also broken just like the shattering of civilization on the island. Lastly the fire the boys create begins as a sign of hope, they try to create a signal so someone might rescue them however it slowly turns into a much larger fire than expected and sets fire to some of the trees and eventually kills a young boy. This is Goldings way of saying that even something that has good intentions can quickly turn into something heinous if given the chance. It is foreshadowing the boys development from good natured English school boys to savage, cold, cantankerous monsters of human beings. To conclude on the surface the boys and the island seem, pleasant, empyrean and majestic however, the inner core opposes the outer drastically and surfaces when times are tough. This shows that the primitive barbaric attitudes of our ancestors comes fourth when in a time of crisis and pressure even if we have the greatest of intentions in the end as Golding shows no-one has the ability to deny or defeat ourShow MoreRelatedWho Goes with Fergus11452 Words   |  46 PagesWho Goes With Fergus This poem is about the dichotomy of the thinker and the actor. Yeats, in love with Maud Gonne, was the thinker, the courtly lover -- the one who would brood upon loves bitter mystery. Yeats was Mr. Nice Guy. Yet Yeats wanted to be the actor - the alpha male - the Fergus. Note the sexualized subtext that permeates the poem, who will pierce the deep woods woven shade? Who will drive with Fergus. Finally, we get the reasons to be the alpha male - the man of action, in theRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesperhaps the opportunities for adaptation, through a rational determination of means and ends.20 On the other hand, charisma produces change by effecting â€Å"subjective or internal reorientation,† which may then produce â€Å"a radical alteration of the central attitudes and directions of actions with a completely new orientation of all attitudes toward the different problems of the world.†21 Thus, charisma and rationalization do not really conï ¬â€šict. On the contrary, Webers treatment suggests that ongoingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesof our increased recognition and understanding of these processes and their implications for life on the planet, as well as with an overview of some of the measures that have been proposed for bringing them under control. Taken together, the thematic essays included in this collection provide the basis for fashioning a coherent, inclusive, and wide-ranging approach to teaching and thinking about the history of the long twentieth century. As that designation suggests, they surmount the problems

Carl Jung s Theory Of Personality And Psychological Types

In the 1920’s, a Swiss psychologist named Carl Jung devised a theory. Jung didn’t accept the idea that the behaviors of people were random. Instead, he was a firm believer that the differences between individuals were a result of how people use their brains. Jung claimed that â€Å"what appears to be random behavior is actually the result of differences in the way people prefer to use their mental capacities.† (The Myers Briggs Foundation). Jung realized that people typically function in one of two ways, take in information or make decisions, and that people usually are more comfortable alone or around others. With all these observations, Jung wrote a book titled Psychological Types, which introduced the idea of personality and psychological†¦show more content†¦Introverts are people who spend time thinking and reflecting before they act. Their motivation is internal, which might end up closing them off from the world around them. Introverts usually pre fer one-to-one relationships, and only express intimacy with a few family members or close friends. Introverts also love doing activities that allow them to be put in an organizational position. Occasionally, introverts will shut down and close off from all of those around them. Personally, I believe that is a completely accurate description of myself. I also plan out my days ahead of time, and I love being able to put things together. While I sometimes I think that it is a negative thing, I do tend to close off from my circle, which happens to be very small. If I do get to meet my goal of being a teacher, my introversion definitely yields to potential for problems. Getting out of my shell would be a challenge, without a doubt. That being said, my introversion is mostly geared towards others my age. I am usually very comfortable around people that are older or younger than I am, which makes me believe I would probably be okay. Other than having to overcome the challenge of opening u p, being an introvert does have upsides, such as having an urge to get things done. The next part of my INFJ combination is that I am intuitive. Being intuitive means that I able to feel things that seem true by a feeling that is similar to instinct. The intuitive brain wants to be able toShow MoreRelatedSociological Perspective On Psychology : Psychodynamic Psychology1067 Words   |  5 PagesSummarize Major Historical Perspective in Psychology Essay Psychodynamic Perspective- There is four major perspectives in psychology: Psychodynamic, Behaviorism, Humanistic, and Cognitive. Each theory represents a psychology approach to unlock the human mind. A psychology approach is known as a perspective; today there are many different approaches in psychology that contain specified beliefs about the mind and Human Behavior. Individually each perspective is different they have their strong pointsRead MoreBriggs Myers Personality Type - Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pages Briggs Myer’s Personality Type TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 I. What is the Briggs Myer’s Personality Type test? 4 II. BMPT in today’s mission of Human Resources 5 Conclusion 7 Recommendations 7 Bibliography 8 Websites 8 Books 8 Introduction â€Å"What appears to be random behavior is actually the result of differences in the way people prefer to use their mental capacities† Carl G. Jung (1875 - 1961) Psychiatrist Myers Briggs Type Indicator is basedRead MoreRunning Head : Personality Preferences1189 Words   |  5 Pageshead: PERSONALITY PREFERENCES 1 PERSONALITY PREFERENCES 8 Personality Preferences Margarita Rodriguez Millers College of Nursing Carl Jung Carl Jung whom was born in Kesswil, Switzerland on July 26, 1875 became a famous psychiatrist that founded the school of analytical psychology. Analyzing his introverted and extroverted personality helped him developed the two personality concepts including archetypes and collective unconsciousness. While analyzing the different personalities he beganRead MoreNeo Analytic And Ego Aspects Of Personality Theory Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe quest to discover what makes us who we are has created several different theories of personality. One of the eight aspects of personalities reviewed in this personality theory course is Neo-analytic and Ego Aspect approach to personality theory. The Neo-analytic approach which was derived from a revision to psychoanalytical theory, contains a basic concept of a multi-faceted personality theory, provides beneficial current day applications and does not encourage individuals to turn away from theirRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Psychology10 19 Words   |  5 Pagesnot like you at all? It’s ironic how a person personality is shaped. Personality is included in basically everyday life. Personality defines a person. Personality is like a big stew mixed with emotions, behaviors, and patterns of thought that truly define a person. Personality Psychology is the study of these different patterns among a group of people or culture. The studies of psychology started from Hippocrates’ theory that argues that personality traits are based on four different sections. ThisRead MoreThe Influences Of C. G. Jung1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influences of C. G. Jung Carl Gustav Jung II was a psychiatrist whose theories of the mind challenged the existing dogma. His works with human cognition, the basic structure of the psyche, and association experiments are widely known today in the form of the concepts of the introvert and the extrovert, psychological archetypes, and basic tests of word association. Although many basic principles of psychology today are based upon his original discoveries and theories, they were not conceivedRead MoreCarl Jung s Theory Of The Mind Challenged The Existing Dogma1533 Words   |  7 PagesCarl Gustav Jung II was a psychiatrist whose theories of the mind challenged the existing dogma. His works with human cognition, the basic structure of the psyche, and association experiments are widely known today in the form of the concepts of the introvert and the extrovert, psychological archetypes, and basic tests of word association. Although many basic principles of psychology today are based upon his original discoverie s and theories, they were not conceived without external insight. SocialRead MoreType Talk1269 Words   |  6 PagesType Talk: The 16 Personality Types That Determine How We Live, Love, and Work by Otto Kroeger and Janet M. 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In the words of the creators, KatherineRead MorePsychoanalytic Theory : Psychoanalytic And Psychoanalytic Perspective Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior and personality are effected by the conflict between one’s inner dreams n and expectation of society. Most of this conflict occurs in unconscious, which is outside the knowledge of an individual. Renowned psychologist, Freud established the psychoanalyt ic theory as an explanation for perplexed phenomena such as the meaning behind dreams, slips of the tongue, and behavioral reflex reactions to stressful situations. The unconscious is a primary focus in psychoanalytic theory due to its typical

Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass - 1405 Words

Life is always compared to be like a roller coaster ride, having its ups and downs. The book Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is an autobiography written by Fredrick Douglass. The book is written from his perspective of being a slave who hoped to be free someday. This autobiography occurs in the years 1835 to 1845 in Boston, Massachusetts. This book shows the roller coaster ride of going from slavery to freedom. In the beginning of this book, there is a preface which is told by a white person named William Lloyd Garrison. The reason for this is because it is stating that everything in the book is true. In this autobiography Frederick Douglass’ main goal is to teach people about the evils of slavery. Two main themes shown in†¦show more content†¦He is given to a man named Edward Covey. In the first months Douglass is whipped and pushed all of Douglass’ energy out of him. This is when Douglass fist fights Edward Covey. Edward Covey was most known for â€Å"breaking slaves. Mr. Covey drained all the desire Frederick ever had of freedom and learning. In the book Frederick describes this fight as, You have seen how a man was made a slave; you shall see how a slave was made a man (65-66). Douglass is later owned by William Freeland for two years. While being enslaved here, Douglass, starts teaching slaves. Although they got many threats the slaves still went to Douglass to be taught. While under Freeland’s ownership Douglass among with other slaves plan their escape, however, somebody betrays them which cause them to be thrown into jail. Consequently, Douglass is sent back to Baltimore to learn the trade of ship caulking.Douglass avoids giving explanations of how he escaped. This was so he could protect the safety of other slaves who will attempt the same rollercoaster ride of escaping slavery. Douglass escaped to New York where he changes his last name Bailey to Douglass. He later marries and moves to Massachusetts. This is when Douglass becomes profoundly engaged in abolitionist movements. The purpose that Frederick Douglass has for writing this book is a political purpose. This purpose was to

Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigerian Oil And Gas Industry

Question: Discuss about the Report OnCorporate Social Responsibility in Nigerian Oil And Gas Industry. Answer: Introduction Corporate social responsibility is a business approach that adds to the practical improvement by conveying the financial, social and natural benefits for all stakeholders. The report portrays the corporate social responsibility of oil and gas industry which shows how the industry control their affluence in the Niger River delta region which is affected by this industry and show how Niger River delta area affected by the impacts of oil and gas industry exploitation. The huge salaries gathering from oil examinations were coordinated through decline improvement and gross screw up by military rulers and government authorities. The most affected gatherings are orchestrated inside the Niger-delta bowl of southern Nigeria. A wellspring of drinking water and top notch calculating have been destroyed by oil spills and has been dirtied each day through the flaring of gas by the colossal oil multinational endeavors. This report focuses on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Nigerian Oil an d Gas industry and the Niger-River Delta domain which means to incorporate, investigate and proffer proposals and courses of action on how corporate social duty tries by industry can diminish the impacts of youth crabbiness and unavoidable destitution right now synonymous with bundles in the Niger-River Delta areas. Problems in the Niger-River Delta area created by Oil and Gas Exploitation According to Barnea Rubin (2010), Nigeria in Africa is the greatest maker of oil and the six biggest makers on the planet. An expected 2 million barrels a day are extricated in the Niger Delta. Since the area has represented more than 75 percent of the Nigeria's fair profit. The great part of the flammable gas extricated in the oil well in the Delta was flared into the air at a rate of 70 million every day. Oil and Gas industry has seen fifty years of oil misuse and creation exercises in Nigeria which is being cited as the reason for natural destruction and ecological contamination in the oil delivering regions of Nigeria. The main problems faced in the Niger Delta region by Oil and Gas industry are as follows: First, most of the landmass in the oil making territory has been rendered unacceptable for planting social events. The waters have in like way been dirtied and rendered unsatisfactory for sea society. Secondly, the tenants of oil creating ranges encounter singing warmth day by day because of gas flaring. Thirdly, the Nigeria Delta area is the least developed part of Nigeria in terms of social infrastructure and modern socio-economic facilities like electricity and roads. Fourth, neglect by the successive federal governments and the oil companies have promoted poverty in the region. Fifth, thermal gas station in the Niger Delta range represent more than 50percent of Nigeria's power supply but 50 percent of the Niger zone has never observed electric light. Sixth, Oil drilling and pipeline development have had a serious negative effect on indigenous groups, laborers and agriculturists and herders everywhere throughout the world. Constrained removals, the decimation of common and nourishment creating assets are a portion of the across the board infringement and misuse of defenseless individuals' rights to fight for their families and the groups. Impacts of Oil and Gas industry Exploitation on society According to Crane Matten (2016), the multinational organizations working in Nigeria confront a troublesome political and financial condition, both broadly and at the level of the oil creating groups where their offices are found. Progressive military governments have squandered the oil riches which the oil organizations have opened, salting it away in outside financial balances than putting resources into training, well-being and other social venture and blundering the national economy to the point of crumple. The Niger River delta groups have asserted that operations of oil organizations have harmed the material enthusiasm of the people groups of the zones in which they work. The episodes include disagreements regarding legitimate commitments to give pay to claims for harm, for infringement on group land or waters or for getting to rights through cases are frequently framed as far as group rights to a decent amount of the oil riches got from their territory. The associating benefi ts from the non-necessity of laws controlling the oil business which is particularly one-sided to the occupant peoples. Grievances with the oil organizations focus on the appointment utilization of the group of family assets, medical issues or harm to angling, chasing or development ascribed to oil slicks or gas flares and different the operations prompting lost business. Likewise on oil association failure to use satisfactory neighborhood people in their operations or to make benefits for close-by bunches from the advantages that they make prompts turmoil. On the other hand turmoil in the host bunches with oil stream stations being ambushed and staff being summarily seized for free by jobless youths in the Niger River delta regions. Thus, all these impacts of oil and gas industry exploited the Niger River Delta region which results in environmental destruction. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives were taken by Oil and Gas industry in Nigeria According to Frynas (2010), the industry formulates their corporate social responsibility in form of Memoranda of Understanding which has gone through the participatory mill of acceptability in order to control their affluence which had a negative impact on the society. For example, Chevron which is a multinational oil and gas producer initiates the strategy on formulating a Global MOU which specifies parameters for project allocation to their host communities. In a case of Schlumberger, a Nigerian organization creates its own social venture which named as Schlumberger Excellence with the aim to prepare schools in the Nigerian areas with the science research centers. They had prepared six schools and have fewer different medications which are concurred with and increased in value by their host groups. In the case of Excel exploration and production company which is also a foreign partnership, the company affirmed that Nigerian region faced many due to community problems because they could see that we were making efforts to achieve all that which was engaged in the Memoranda of Understanding. The industry had concentrated on awarding the scholarship to Nigerian indigent students with priority for those from the area of their direct operations. Thus, all the corporate social responsibility initiatives enable the industry to plan for expansion as exemplified by the theatrics of the Chevron, Excel, and Schlumberger. Also, in the Niger-River delta area of Nigeria, the companies mentioned above who operate on Memoranda of Understanding with their host communities which states they could steadily reach their production targets and projected sales income. Conclusion From this report, it has been concluded that Oil and Gas industry which sits at the center of the supportability talk as it gives most of the universes essentialness sources. The report shows the problems which are faced by the Niger River delta areas. These problems are created by Oil and Gas Exploitation which had a major impact on the livelihood of Niger delta range. The report also shows the impacts of Oil and Gas industry exploitation on the society which includes the political, social and financial condition of Nigeria. Finally, the report describes the corporate social responsibility initiatives which are taken by the industry in order to control the affluence which affects the Nigeria areas and initiate the practices to save the water bodies. The Oil and Gas industry in Nigeria share contacts which must be awarded to capable Nigerian companies for the growth and benefits of economic activities in the oil and gas sector will have multiplier effects in growing the local economy and providing jobs in the growing crop of capable hands. References Barnea, A., Rubin, A. (2010). Corporate social responsibility as a conflict between shareholders.Journal of business ethics,vol. 97, no. 1, pg: 71-86. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Frynas, J. G. (2010). Corporate social responsibility and societal governance: Lessons from transparency in the oil and gas sector.Journal of business ethics,vol. 93, pg: 163-179.

Joses Authentic Mexican Restaurant free essay sample

Problem Statement: Jose’s Mexican restaurant is a small yet popular spot. Lately they have been losing customers and profits due to service issues. In order to improve the restaurant, Jose’s Mexican Restaurant must provide service that is top-notch, in other words fast, efficient, great testing, convenient and heartwarming. What must the restaurant do in order to improve service? Areas for consideration: Quality at Joses restaurant should be defined by service, value, reliability of the experience and overall customers satisfaction. The quality of a product is defined as whether it fulfills its stated specifications. Customer satisfaction should be at the top priority for the restaurant. Customer satisfaction is the measurement of a product or service that meets or exceeds customers expectations. Therefore, the restaurant should focus on its customers needs and requirements, and strive to exceed their expectations. ` The factors that affect the quality of the service are conformance to specification, value, fitness for use, support and even psychological standard impression. Food should be delivered and served as to be what is promised on the menu.Also, the food should be cooked and prepared properly, to be fresh, clean, and to have exactly the ingredients and flavors that are ordered. Service staff should be neatly dressed and greet customers with a smile; personnel should be experienced and trained to accommodate the customer. Atmosphere is another important area of quality. At Jose’s, keeping with the Mexican themed decor creates the atmosphere for the Mexican prepared dishes. The overall establishment should maintain a level of cleanliness. Waiting areas for customers should be clean and comfortable during the peak times when a waiting to be seated is necessary.The service and meals should be dependable and consistent. Food should be prepared with the best available ingredients, and served quickly and correctly. Wait staff should provide prompt service, serving in the time promised, and make the customers feel unique and special. What are the restaurant’s costs of process failures? – Because of the lack of a waiting area and reservations Jose’s is losing customers that could have been accommodated better. According to the survey conducted an average of 20% of the customers are unsatisfied. Also due to the wait time for the food to be prepared over 30% of the customers are not satisfied.Even a whopping 14% of customers are not happy with how the food tastes, this is maybe due to the ingredients the cook was complaining about. Even the servers have problems a large 12% complained about their servers. When it all comes down to it a whopping 20% of these customers say that the dining experience was not worth the cost. What does this mean? It means that 20% of the customers are not coming back. So as we can see Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant really needs an overhaul. When a process fails to satisfy a customer, the failure is considered a defect.The more servers the easier it becomes to serve the customers. The more space, the less need for waiting to be seated in fact we may place a cozy waiting area for our guests. Renovations also mean you get to have the media evaluate your place again, meaning you’ll get on the paper, which means free advertising. Also a renovation will spark interest in your regular customers and the general public. People will talk about it. They will want to experience the new place. Disadvantages (Weaknesses and Threats)The expansion of space will take a long time, first a space has to be purchased. We are not even sure if the establishments around Jose’s will want to sell space. Then there comes the finances. Is Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant capable of shelling out large enough capital. New employees may be hard to train and not always needed thus accumulating more cost than what is desired. Also what if the renovation and space expansion takes too long and a new Mexican restaurant owned by someone else opens up?Will Jose’s customers remember it, or will they be satisfied with the new-one’s service? All these things must be put into consideration for even an assumed small weaknesses or threat maybe underestimated and can result or turn into a fatal error. Alternative 2 Use a Six Sigma Improvement Model (DMAIC) Six sigma, which relies heavily on the principles of TQM is comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining, and maximizing business success by minimizing defects and variability in processes.Although Six Sigma Improvement Model is a five step procedure that leads to improvement in process performance, the model can be applied to projects involving incremental improvement to process or to project requiring major changes including redesigning an existence process. The following steps comprise the model: The DMAIC project methodology has five phases: * Define  the problem, the voice of the customer, and the project goals, specifically. * Measure  key aspects of the current process and collect relevant data. * Analyze  the data to investigate and verify cause-and-effect relationships.Determine what the relationships are, and attempt to ensure that all factors have been considered. Seek out root cause of the defec t under investigation. * Improve  or optimize the current process based upon data analysis using techniques such as  design of experiments,  poka yoke  or mistake proofing, and standard work to create a new, future state process. Set up pilot runs to establish  process capability. * Control  the future state process to ensure that any deviations from target are corrected before they result in defects.Implement  control systems  such as  statistical process control,  production boards, and  visual workplaces, and continuously monitor the process. Let us use the Six Sigma Approach: 1- Define. Determine the characteristic of the process output that are critical to customer satisfaction and identify and gaps between these characteristics and the processs capabilities. Get a picture of the current process by documenting it using flowcharts and process charts. At Joses, some of the concern are stated at the survey about customer satisfaction from the service they receive at Joses.The survey shows that 20% of the customers were not happy, and dont consider the service they receive worth the money they pay. Look into the problem thoroughly and see if there are cracks in the system, for example we noticed that Jose’s does not take reservations. 2- Measure. Quantify the work the process does that affects the gap. Select what to measure, identify data sources, and prepare a data collection plan. In Joses case, the survey covers all the major issues that could have direct effect on the business performance. 3- Analyze. Use he data on measures to perform process analysis, applying tools such as Pareto charts, scatter diagrams, and cause-and-effect diagrams, and statistical process control (SPC) tools to determine where improvements are necessary. Joses should analyze the data from the survey in order to address the problem. 4- Improve. Modify or redesign existing methods to meet the new performance objectives. Implement the change. The Joses team should observe the positive achievement in the operation, and should stop the process if there were mismatching. 5- Control.Monitor the process to make sure that high performance level are maintain. Once again, data analysis tools such as pareto charts , bar charts scatter diagram, as well as statistical process control tools can be used to control the process. The selected operational procedure should be revised, and needs to be documented and this process must be firmly held by Joses operational team. In the operation processes, continuous improvement need to be find out for the more better performance from Joses in general and over all catering services. Advantages (Strengths and Opportunities)The Six Sigma Image Model is a thorough study of the problem. Through using this Jose’s will get down to the roots of the problem and maintain the system functioning well. It takes less time and resources to accomplish. It can be started immediately and the results are effective. This approach is not only cost effective but keeps the guessing-game out of the picture. Since this approach is cost-effective the money saved may then be invested in other things such as equipment, advertising or a totally new business depending on the owners judgment. Disadvantages (Weaknesses and Threats)I don’t really see any major flaws here except that it may be too tedious for the less-active folk. A threat can be that another restaurant may be able to use this system better and come out with better results than Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant. Conclusion and recommendation: Alternative 1 – may indeed spark interest and increase sales for an unknown period of time after the restaurant re-opens. However, this method is not cost-effective and will take too much time, effort and capital to set in motion and complete. And it does not take an in-depth look at the problem but only gives a superficial or shallow solution to the problem.With the information collected by Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant it is possible the restaurant is ready to take the Six Sigma Image Model approach. I therefore conclude that Alternative 2 which is to take an in-depth search of the problem through the Six Sigma approach originally developed and made popular by Motorola, USA can be most helpful to solving the problem with service at the said restaurant. This alternative takes a deep meaningful search of the problems, solves it and maintains it. This approach meets the objective of the study, which is to solve the service problem of Jose’s Authentic Restaurant.The importance of investing in a Six Sigma approach are the in-depth research, answers, information and system maintenance t hat will be available after this approach is completed. After all, it is a proven system that has been used by countless successful businesses. Aside from the research valuability, educating your employees with this approach may increase their self-esteem by providing them with information and a tool for success in life. Happy and confident employees result in a better work-ethic, which will then dramatically improve the service performance of Jose’s Authentic Mexican Restaurant.

Zara Case Study free essay sample

This can give competitive advantage for operations effectiveness of the company. There can be failure in the company’s productivity due to lack in the operations management which could be negative part of the company’s part in this competitive world. Defining Fashion: Fashion can be defined differently due to difference in the point of views. So in general, Fashion can be looked as showing the way of acting differently than the society around us. If society appreciates it then they accept the same and it results in the development of the fashion trend. It can also be observed in the meanwhile that if society comes across the new trend then they accepts it and follows the same as looking different from the group is the priority of everyone in the society. â€Å"Fashion expires, much the same way yogurt does†, The Inditex Chief executive Jose Maria Catellano comments. (Wall street Journal, 2001). We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Zara has smartly understood the fashion trends and picked it up way smarter than others by creation of such a supply chain which reacts to the faster changing and developing fashion in the society. This reasoned for the popularity of the brand Zara across different continents like Europe, Asia and Africa etc. Zara has achieved they competitive advantage by developing distinctiveness in their supply chain management which inspired me to present the case study of Zara in operations management point of view. This case study of Zara will navigate through different aspect of operations management. It will cover topics like total quality management though company’s structure, inventory management techniques like JIT, Kanban, Push-Pull System etc. Zara as Company: The relatively biggest and famous fashion distributor Inditex is parent company of Zara. In august 2008, Inditex acquired another famous brand GAP. This resulted in making Inditex as world’s biggest retailer (The Guardian, 2008). Zara has a contribution of 2/3 of the sales in the parent company which makes them the important brand of the company. According to the data acquired by the company’s website, evolution and origin of Zara can be seen as follows, In 1963, textile manufacturer Inditex is formed by Amancio Ortega Gaona. In the next decade of 1963 – 1974, it distributed many products to the different countries in Europe by setting up number of manufacturing units. In 1975, A Coruna witnessed First store of Zara on Central Street. Over the period of 8 years starting from 1976, business of Zara has grown tremendously and by the end of 8 years in 1984, it has almost acquired Spanish market by attracting majority of the society. Around December 1988, Zara crossed the borders of Spain and started their international store in Portugal (Oporto). Zara opened their international store in USA on the streets of New York in 1989 which was considered to be the next step of Zara of going international and considered to be the second international opening. In 1990, they opened their third store in France (Paris). Inditex planned their growth by opening Pull and Bear Chain as a sister company of Zara which almost acquired 65% of the capital from Massimo Dutti. In the further years, Inditex kept it pace of growth constant and capturing majority of the international Market. It opened most of the stores almost every year e. . 1992 (Mexico), 1993 (Greece) and 1994 (Sweden Belgium). By opening their stores in Malta in 1995 and in Cyprus in 1996 which helped them to acquire almost entire shares of Massimo Dutti. In the period of 1996 – 2008, Zara has grown tremendously by acquiring markets of almost 73 countries by giving their major locations and prime cities opening to 1292 stores which helped them to prove countries border cannot limit single fashion trends. But it was important to the Inditex and their subsidiary Zara to consider some important dates. The most important date of all these dates is 23rd May 2001 as it gave opening to Inditex to Spanish share market by registering their listing. In 2002, new Zara’s logistics Centre has undergone its construction in Zaragoza (Spain). In 2003, Zara got their home stores in Slovenia, Malaysia, Slovakia and Russia by Inditex. In the same year, 2nd distribution centre of Zara got opened in Zaragoza in Spain which helped its first distribution centre situated at A Coruna, Spain (Arteixo). In 2007, 1000th store of Zara got opened in Italy (Florence). Inditex opened around 4000 stores in 73 countries for Zara and its sister concerns. Zara’s Model of Operation: It is most attractive to study Zara’s Operational Model due to its shift from â€Å"mass standardization† to â€Å"customization† on global scale. Zara has developed very unique approach towards fashion which was highlighted by its founder. Its approach compares fashion with food and gives a view that fashion should also be consumed immediately like food rather than deteriorate in cupboard. Thus consumer’s preference is considered to be the important factor in the production of new clothes (Dutta, 2002). Zara’s operations became very successful due to its business model (See Appendix 3) and it also helps them in achieving the aim customers’ satisfaction. Zara’s operational model comprises of many elements like Just in Time, Company Structure, and Vertical Integration etc. All these elements help to achieve Total Quality Management (TQM) for the company. Company’s Structure: Flat Structure in the organization represents Chairman as its head and other directors to follow below him. The managers or directors will the Cell head of the cell below. All the member of cell report to leader of the cell and then eventually leader of the cell reports to the head i. e Chairman of the company. The same organization structure is adopted by Inditex group (See Appendix 1). This organizational structure has been led by Amancio Ortega as a Chairman in the group. He acts as Head of all the cells below him and other directors will be the leader of cells below them like CEO and deputy Chairman will be the leader for management control, finance and tax advisory etc. This process helps the company to follow its processes easily. The same organizational structure helps Inditex to track its processes and quality by keeping close watch on it. Vertical Integration: When two businesses which are at the different level of the production get merged then it is called as Vertical Integration (Hindle, T. , 2009. economist. com). This brings customer closer to the business. It gives controlled access to the costs and input, its delivery time and quality. Vertical integration is hard to reverse and expensive makes it very hard for the organization. Specially designed fabric will then manufacture by Zara and sent out for sewing to the external suppliers; it will then come back to Zara for labeling and quality will be checked will be done in the Zara’s Unit. After all the manufacturing process is done, all the clothes will be sent to the central warehouse and which then distributed to the store. Vertically integrated system has its disadvantage for Zara is increased cost for lack in moving plant of manufacturing unit in Europe to different location. Push and Pull System: â€Å"When a new designs being pushed in the market based on fashion market trend is referred as PUSH system and when design changes has been done on the customers feedback, but at a lightning fast speed, which emphasizes on customer satisfaction then its referred as PULL system† (Urugray, M. , 2005). When manufacturer’s designer team creates new design and then manufactured in bulk which will then sent out in the market and store, is generally part of the push system. This raises the demand from the market and attracts more consumers to the store to buy the product. The season collection of Zara is generally launched late in the market by the designer team (Appendix 4) which helps them to understand more about the designs which will be going to launch in the market by the manufacturers and accordingly the demand as well as the designers attain the fashion shows cloths available in the market which gives them an idea of the product coming in the market and helps them to decide their designs for the market (Ghemawat, 2001). Sometimes the designer team forecasts the new collection’s demand and then they launch it in the market e. g. â€Å"when Madonna visited Spain for the stage show, Zara launched the new collection of design which was replicating the design used by Madonna in the past which distinctively increased the demand of the product†. When Consumers demand drives the market and transmits its requirement to the designer team of the company which demands for the design to be created and sent back in the marketplace to satisfy the need of the market, is generally part of Pull system. There is another method under pull system adopted by the manufacturer and that is advertising the design on major level which results in increase in demand for the product and then it can increase the sales of the product (Anon, 2007). Just in Time (JIT): Japan is the land of Just in Time’s invention. This concept has been introduced by the Japanese ship builders which actually implemented by them by reducing the volume of inventory for steel to three days stock from months stock. This concept is further conceptualized and developed by ‘Toyota’s Vice President Taiichi Ohno’. All this work was presented in the Japanese language making it difficult to understand by the most of the countries. This is reasoned for the conversion of it in English. â€Å"Excessive inventory storage is wasteful in the current manufacturing scenario causes JIT philosophy† (Mejabi, O. et al, 2001). In addition to that JIT inspires the acceptance of methodologies to create the demand of intermediate products and materials only when required. â€Å"The transformation to JIT is not instantaneous, but rather it occurs in steps over the time† (Schroer et al, 1985). Waste removal is the important factor in current manufacturing industries. Keeping obligation towards product improvement and continual process and making production in small batches can be achieved with the help of JIT. â€Å"In the current market scenario, deliver the high quality and low cost product to capture most of the market share is main concern for many organization. JIT helps to solve this concern for most of the companies. JIT helps to reduce the cost for the companies because it saves the cost of storing the inventory and maintenance of the inventory. Generally in ‘Pull’ management JIT is used which helps to keep supply in time when there is high demand. Product of Zara used by consumers is more or less drives Zara’s design process. Store staff or the manager generally collects this data from the consumers and stored at the collection counter in every store which then sent to the distribution centre with full information and details every evening (Gallaugher, J. , 2008). Designing professional of Zara gets all this information on day to day basis. It helps then to figure out what consumers really need and main concerns of the consumers which help in creating designs for them carefully with reduction in consumers concern. Introduction of new design by Zara takes period of 6 weeks to get it from design to shelves and it also proves very efficient as well compared to the normal 6 months cycles for other companies (Appendix 2). Shortening the time cycle can effect in reduction in the intensity of working capital and helps in continuous production of new design products (Ghemawat, P. , 2001). In 2008, it has been seen that â€Å"From design to the shelves it takes 15 days to Zara to bring the product in the market† (Gattorna, J. , 2007). Maximum flexibility in the production of clothes has been achieved by Zara through purchase of Grey coloured fabric in one half quantities. Location of Zara’s internal production plant has been planned in and around the Zara’s headquarters which results in faster manufacturing by achieving faster designing and approval of the product process. The newly designed product then sent to central distribution centre of Zara, and then it gets distributed across their store two times in a week. It benefits Zara to concentrate of consumers’ needs and reduction in inventory. Kaizen: Kaizen can be defined as ‘Continuous Improvement’. This concept was introduced by Japanese and is considered as philosophy for whole business. â€Å"Kaizen is important for everyone in the organization and requires the same kind of participation from each employee† (Imai, M. , 1986). It has always seen that consumers always have some expectations, need and requirement from the supplier of the product and the suppliers output has some relevant characteristics matching to the consumer’s expectations, these can be defined as ‘Quality Characteristics’ (Rao et al, 1996). It has been found that there always remains some kind of gap between quality characteristics and consumer’s needs. Implementation of Kaizen can reduce the gap and helps in meeting consumers’ expectation closely. Important factors of Kaizen are as follows: Punctuality, Leadership, Just in Time, High Quality, Customer focus, Future thinking, Kanban, Reduction in Wastage, Empowerment, Low Cost, Quality assurance, Flexible workplace practices. Almost all the elements of Kaizen have been adopted by Zara as organisation. It has also been observed that â€Å"Zara has efficient Just in time running also they are more customer focused as there most of the designs are made according to the customers demand†. Zara has achieved reduction in the wastage of the company by implementing effective JIT system. Flexible workplace practices have also been absorbed by Zara. Problems faced by Zara’s Operational Model: Difference in the business model than other traditional retailers makes Zara as very successful organisation. It has also shown sustainable growth as well. Its weaknesses are also different than other retailers. â€Å"Zara holds around 86% of Inditex total International sales† (Craig et al, 2004). Difference in taste of Europeans and Americans, makes it difficult for Zara to enter in American market. They are also lacking in the developed strategy to acquire US market. It has also been observed that lack of distribution system in America can also limit the scope of Zara. Their centralised distribution system may lack to satisfy the need of American market. â€Å"Vertical integration reduces the possibilities of producing large quantity of goods in economic rate (Craig et al, 2004). There is also increase in cost due to speedy recurrent introduction of new products. Also they have higher research development cost. Creation of different apparel lines causes constant changeover of production techniques resulting in higher elevated cost and also increase in the employee training cost to enable them in order to use new manufacturing techniques†. Cannibalization is also one of the threats to Zara (Craig et al, 2004). As Zara is placing almost same products in their each and every store in one city results in selling same product to the variety of the people which may lead to loss in sales. It has also threat from the competitors like HM, as they comparatively same range and their prices are also less than Zara. This has been represented through Fish Bone diagram (Appendix). Conclusion: Zara has potential to face changing clothing standards as challenge and also has competitive advantage which helps them to grow. Zara also has the most of the processes like Kaizen, JIT and its structure effectively implemented in their company. It helps them in achieving the Total Quality Management (TQM) for their organization. Zara also has very unique and strong business model which drives their operating income to be much raised and provides growth opportunity as retail industry. They have been famous for their weekly changing well priced and trendy apparels. They are the most rapidly growing organization in US. Expansion methods as well as keeping the organization fresh as per the industry required with improved quality has been achieved by Zara very effectively with the help of their research and development team. Zara’s business model has been copied and trying to copy by most of the retailers now a day. Some Recommendations: The company is actively seeking new growth opportunity across all worldwide market. With the constantly changing behavior of market as a result of globalization gives very good opportunity to grow in US and other countries. It will be helpful for Zara to open separate distribution centre in US to acquire US market effectively. It also helps them to improve their image in the market as low priced and trendiest retailer in the market. Opening up distribution centre in US can be a part of expansion in their centralized distribution saving some money and helping to reduce the pressure on the current system. This will also save some money which can be used to effectively advertise their brand in different location which will drive more customers to the store. Online sales can also be one of the steps which can improve their sales and helps them in acquiring more global market. Zara can make available different range of product across different store in the same city which can reduce the threat of cannibalization. Zara Case Study free essay sample Forget football stars, the Costa del Sol and Real Madrid, they are nothing compared with Zara as Spain’s most successful international export. And it has other retailers reeling as Zara’s low-cost, fast fashion takes global markets by storm. This dynamic retailer is known for selling stylish designs that resemble those of big-name fashion houses but at moderate prices. ‘We sell the latest trends at low prices, but our clients value our design, quality and constant innovation,’ a company spokesman said. ‘That gives us the advantage even in highly competitive, developed markets, including Britain. More interesting is the way that Zara achieves its mission. Fast fashion – the newest wave A handful of European speciality clothing retailers are taking the fashion world by storm with a business model that has come to be known as ‘fast-fashion’. In short, these companies can recognise and respond to fashion trends very quickly, create pro ducts that mirror the trends, and get these products onto shelves much faster and more frequently than the industry norm. We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fast-fashion retailers include Sweden’s Hennes Mauritz (HM), Britain’s Top Shop, Spain’s Mango and the Netherland’s Mexx. Although all of these companies are successfully employing the fast-fashion concept, Zara leads the pack in virtually every way. For example, ‘fast’ at Zara means that it can take a product from concept through design, manufacturing and store shelf placement in as little as two weeks, much quicker than any of its fastfashion competitors. For more mainstream clothing chains such as Gap and Next, the process takes months. This gives Zara the advantage of virtually copying fashions from the pages of Vogue and having them on the streets in dozens of countries before the next issue of the magazine even hits the newsstands! When Spain’s Crown Prince Felipe and Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano announced their engagement in 2003, the bride-to-be wore a stylish white trouser suit. This raised some eyebrows, given that it violated royal protocol. But women loved it and within a few weeks, hundreds of them were wearing a nearly identical outfit they had purchased from Zara. 1 Kotler P. et al, (2008), Principles of Marketing, 5th European edition, Harlow, Pearson Education Ltd. But Zara is more than just fast. It’s also prolific. In a typical year, Zara launches about 11,000 new items. Compare that to the 2,000 to 4,000 items introduced by both HM and Gap. In the fashion world, this difference is huge. Zara stores receive new merchandise two to three times each week, whereas most clothing retailers get large shipments on a seasonal basis, four to six times a year. By introducing new products with frequency and in higher numbers, Zara produces smaller batches of items. Thus, it assumes less risk if an item doesn’t sell well. But smaller batches also mean exclusivity, a unique benefit from a mass-market retailer that draws young fashionistas through Zara’s doors like a magnet. When items sell out, they are not restocked with another shipment. Instead, the next Zara shipment contains something new, something different. Popular items can appear and disappear within a week. Consumers know that if they like something they must buy it or miss out. Customers are enticed to check out store stock more often, leading to very high levels of repeat patronage. But it also means that Zara doesn’t need to follow the industry pattern of marking prices down as the season progresses. Thus, Zara reaps the benefit of prices that average much closer to the list price. The vertical secret to Zara’s success Just how does Zara achieve such mind-blowing responsiveness? The answer lies in its distribution system. In 1975, Amanco Ortega opened the first Zara store in Spain’s remote north-western town of La Coruna, home to Zara’s headquarters. Having already worked in the textile industry for two decades, his experience led him to design a system in which he could control every aspect of the supply chain, from design and production to distribution and retailing. He knew, for example, that in the textile business the biggest mark-ups were made by the wholesalers and retailers. He was determined to maintain control over these activities. Ortega’s unique philosophy forms the heart of Zara’s unique, rapid-fire supply chain today. But it is Zara’s hi-tech information system that has taken vertical integration in the company to an unprecedented level. According to CEO Pablo Isla, ‘Our information system is absolutely avant-garde. It’s what links our shop to our designers and our distribution system. ’ Zara’s vertically integrated distribution system makes the starting point of a product concept hard to nail down. At Zara’s headquarters creative teams of over 300 professionals carry out the design process. But they act on information fed to them from the stores. This goes far beyond typical pointof-sales data. Store managers act as trend spotters. Every day they report hot fads to headquarters, enabling popular lines to be tweaked and slow movers to be whisked away within hours. If customers are asking for a rounded neck on a vest rather than a V neck, such an item can be in stores in seven to ten days. This process would take traditional retailers months. Managers also consult a personal digital assistant every evening to check what new designs are available and place their orders according to what they think will sell best to their customers. Thus, store managers help to shape designs by ensuring that the creative teams have real-time information based on the observed tastes of actual consumers. Mr Ortega refers to this as the democratisation of fashion. 2 Kotler P. et al, (2008), Principles of Marketing, 5th European edition, Harlow, Pearson Education Ltd. When it comes to sourcing, Zara’s supply chain is unique as well. Current conventional wisdom calls for manufacturers in all industries to outsource their goods globally to the cheapest provider. Thus, most of Zara’s competitors contract out manufacturing to low-wage countries, notably Asia. But Zara makes 40 per cent of its own fabrics and produces more than half of its own clothes, rather than relying on a hodgepodge of slow-moving suppliers. Even things that are farmed out are done locally in order to maximise time efficiency. Nearly all Zara clothes for its stores worldwide are produced in its remote corner of Spain. As it completes designs, Zara cuts fabric in-house. It then sends the designs to one of several hundred local cooperatives for sewing, minimising the time for raw material distribution. When items return to Zara’s facilities they are ironed by an assembly line of workers who specialise in a particular task (lapels, shoulders, and so on). Clothing items are wrapped in plastic and transported on conveyor belts to a group of giant warehouses. Zara’s warehouses are a vision of modern automation as swift and efficient as any automotive or consumer electronics plant. Human labour is a rare sight in these cavernous buildings. Customised machines patterned after the equipment used by overnight parcel services process up to 80,000 items an hour. The computerised system sorts, packs, labels and allocates clothing items to every one of Zara’s 1,000 plus stores. For stores within a 24 hour drive, Zara delivers goods by truck, whereas it ships merchandise by cargo jet to stores farther away. Domestic manufacturing pays off The sae philosophy that has produced such good results for Zara has led parent company Inditex to diversify. Its other chains now include underwear retailer Oysho, teen-oriented Bershka and Stradivarius, children’s Kiddy Class, menswear Massimo Duti and casual and sportswear chain Pull and Bear. Recently Inditex opened its first non-clothing chain, Zara Home. Each chain operates under the same style of vertical integration honed at Zara. Making speed the main goal of its supply chain has really paid off for Inditex. In 2005, sales grew by 21 per cent over the prior year to â‚ ¬6Bn (retail revenue growth worldwide averages single-digit increases). That puts Inditex ahead of HM in the fast-fashion category for the first time. During the same period profits soared by b26 per cent to $712m. Most of this performance was driven by Zara, now ranked number 73 on Interbrand’s list of top 100 most valuable worldwide brands. Although Inditex has grown rapidly, it only wants more. In 2005, it opened 448 new stores (HM added only 145) and had plans for 490 more. With more than one ribbon cutting ceremony per day, Inditex could increase its number of stores from the current 2,900 to as many as 5,000 stores in 70 countries by the end of this decade. After European clothing stores , including Marks Spencer, fared badly in the US, European fastfashion retailers have recently expanded very cautiously in the US (Zara has only 19 stores there so far). But the threat of Zara has US clothing retailer rethinking the models they have relied on for years. According to one analyst, the industry may soon experience a reversal from outsourcing to China to manufacturing in America, despite its relatively high costs. 3 Kotler P. et al, (2008), Principles of Marketing, 5th European edition, Harlow, Pearson Education Ltd. ‘US Retailers are finally looking at lost sales as lost revenue. They know that in order to capture maximum sales they need to turn their inventory much quicker. The disadvantage of importing from China is that it requires a longer lead time of between three to six months from the time an order is placed to when the inventory is stocked in stores. By then the trends may have changed and you’re stuck with all the unsold inventory. If retailers want to refresh their merchandise quicker, they will have to consider sourcing at least son me of the merchandise locally. ’ So being the fastest of the fast-fashion retailers has not only paid off for Zara, its model has reconfigured the fashion landscape everywhere. Zara has blazed a trail for cheaper and cheaper fashion-led mass retailers, has put the squeeze on mid-priced fashion, and has forced luxury brands to scramble to find ways to set themselves apart from Zara’s look-alike designs. Leadership certainly has its perks. Questions 1. As completely as possible, sketch the supply chain for Zara from raw materials to consumer purchase. 2. Discuss the concepts of horizontal and vertical conflict as they relate to Zara? 3. Which type of vertical marketing system does Zara exhibit? List all the benefits that Zara receives by having adopted this system. 4. Does Zara incur disadvantages from its fast-fashion distribution system? Are these disadvantages offset by the advantages? 5. How does Zara add value for the customer through major logistics functions? Zara case study free essay sample Read the case study regarding capacity planning that is available on Moodle. Your answers should refer to: Relevant concepts and theories regarding the role of capacity planning in organizations and demonstrate your ability to utilize relevant information from the case. Case Study 1 – Capacity Planning (1,250 words, due date: 25/11/2013) Identify the key characteristics of fast fashion and discuss how these affect company approaches to capacity planning. How do fast fashion companies ensure that they can meet their demand? How does this approach contribute to Zara’s success? Introduction Over the past few years the fashion industry has changed rapidly with every New Year came newer fashion. Competition has been fiercer than ever in terms of costs, quality, dependability and innovation. In this case study you’ll find a clear discussion and logical explanation about Zara’s day to day operations, why and how have they become as successful as they are today. What makes them different from other companies and how they meet there and their customers demands in such a demanding and competitive industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Zara case study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Zara is a Spanish owned fashion label and fashion chain stores established in 1975 by the group known as Inditex owned by Amancio Ortega, it sells up to the minute fashion products in men women and kids wear at affordable prices in stores that are clearly focused on one particular market. What is Fast Fashion? Fast fashion is a contemporary term used to affiliate with clothing that is based on most recent fashion trends. It is also a way of saying that designs move from catwalk quickly in order to capture current fashion trends. It emerges in the context of that the fashion cycle is moving faster than ever before and at least 10 times faster than it has been 10 years ago. Identify the key characteristics of fast fashion and discuss how these affect company approaches to capacity planning? + How does this approach contribute to Zara’s success? How do all these factors contribute Zara’s success is the main question. Firstly Zara have taken speed and responsiveness into account they have changed the way they operate in there industry where designing, distribution and delivery requires no longer than six months. This proves that Zara can get the latest trends into their store within 6 weeks, which exceeds the capabilities of its competitors as HM and Benetton and many other fashion companies take longer. This capability allows Zara to achieve their strategy of expedited response to consumer demand and keep up with the latest fashion. The advantage of this process is the quicker Zara can get a new design into their store the higher they will sell the product depending on the demand which will lead to more supply initially allowing company to boost profits and recognitions of their demanding products. Zara’s unique characteristics are very accurate. Instead of them predicting the demand Zara observes the trend and identifies what is selling, for example there designers continuously track customer’s preferences allowing them to get new designs and styles into the store shelves in under 2 weeks because they have observed the trend before hand and already ahead of their competitors such as HM. There vertical integration allows small batches of produce to be distributed and tested out allow them to save more money and cut inventory backlogs. Zara maintains a low cost by avoiding outsourcing (where possible) and producing all its merchandise and produce in home soil in Spain. Also Zara own many fabric dying, cutting and processing equipment that provided Zara added control and flexibility to adopt new trends on demand. Effectively Zara is able to design and manufacture products as well as deliver them in less than two weeks in contrast to competitors such as Benetton and HM which require at least between five weeks and 4 months lead time to fill orders from its retail operations. One major unique characteristic was that Zara own its in house production which gives Zara the flexibility of quantity, variety, and the frequency of the designs they produce. Another way there strategy contributors to their success is that they have the capability to keep a significant amount of product in home soil in there won factories and reserve approximately 85% of their capacity for seasonal adjustments this way they will be able to rapidly respond to unexpected trends in the industry. Additionally they use foreign factories as many other companies do as cost is much cheaper which allows production to increase and distrusted accordingly, however for fast fashion items Zara produces in the factories in Spain as it could lead to shorter time scales to be distributed and on the stores in less than 2 weeks of production. Today Zara can replenish existing stock in little as two weeks. The company spends very little on advertising and use those funds to support higher cost of producing in Spain as its more costly effective to produce than Asia. This ensures the company they avoid inventory backlogs, allowing the company to product what the customers want and allowing themselves to being able to respond quickly to any market need. Lower inventory cost is key for Zara because as it enables Zara to manufacture and sell its products at cheaper prices. One of Zara’s distinctive success contributors is there valuable and planned logistics and supply chain managements it operates which allows them to develop and deliver competitive marketing mix. Where customers expect to find latest trends which are still in fashion Zara for an example the ultimate company of how to make it possible because it usually could take up to six months in the textile industry for an idea to be transformed into a product and reach the stores. However if you were reduce the lead times through channel management Zara has developed a vertical integrated business model which allows them as said before lets them change some parts of their inventory in only a couple of weeks. This strategy they use is known as the quick response. As part of its vertical integration, Zara maintains a very high control of its supply networks as a strategy in achieving fast response. It supplies products to its 650 retail stores twice per week (Rice Hoppe, 2001) in strictly limited quantities of stock. This ensures Zara’s brand promise to customers of exclusivity and design freshness, thereby minimising inventory of old stock in any part of its supply chain from raw materials to end user. How do fast fashion companies ensure that they can meet their demand? Without customers businesses cannot exist. The clothing manufacture and clothing distribution industry has witnessed dramatic changes in recent years for example consumers have higher expectations today then before, they often look for quality and unique fashion at affordable prices. Hence why companies like Zara, HM and Benetton manufacture and distribute their garments in other Asia countries. Zara communicate with numerous manufactures around the world to provide consumers with what they want. For example like HM Zara a primarily a European retailer, produce most of their garments in costly Asian factories which allows them to save on cost rather than outsourcing to less expensive European and continuously monitors inventory levels in stores this way they can effectively match the supply and demand of the customers. Fast fashion combines with quick response production with enhanced design compatibilities to both design the latest garments as well as capture the latest trends. Also exploit minimal production lead times to match the supply with uncertain demand. This is why there are only a very few established fashion companies todaydominating the fast fashion market. Zara ensure they meet there demand and there consumers demand by keeping up to date with the latest fashion trends. They ensure that that if there isn’t a product selling of their shelf within a week then this product would be likely to get replaced with a new existing product. Another example, if body warmers become the season hottest trends and Zara’s competitors are selling well in this product then Zara reacts quickly, designs new styles, and gets them into stores while the trend is still peaking. This is one of the way Zara meets the customers demand as well as for the business as a whole. Another component is done by studying and monitoring the consumers and the fashion industries unexpected tastes for fashion which allows Zara to reduce design lead times. For example, Benetton another global fashion brand, based in Treviso, Italy employs a network of people known as ‘Trends spotters’ and designers throughout Europe and Asia who pay close attention to seasonal fashion and give feedback to the Benetton design team to help bring out newer garments that consumers like to wear. From an operational perspective quick response strategies have been relatively well studied, and are known to yield significant value to firms by better matching supply and demand and by influencing consumer purchasing behaviour. Zara has a 100% reputation for keeping their customers happy and always meeting their demand. The company is vertically integrated and controls most of the process in its supply chain. On average, 50% of Zara’s products are manufactured in home soil – Spain, and the rest are equally produced in Europe and Asia. Having said that this shows that Zara can bring in a blazer in less than two weeks from Zaras design team in Spain to a Zara stores in any part of the globe, as much as 12 times faster than the competition. And with shorter lead times, Zara can ship fewer pieces, in a greater variety of styles, more often and they can more easily cancel lines that dont sell as well, avoiding inventory backlogs. Recommendations/ Conclusion Zara’s operational strategies today defy conventional wisdom about how operation chains should be ran. The key to their success is because of their fast distribution channels, they mainly focus of their customer segment and their awareness for fashion; because of Zara’s fast distribution network they are able to satisfy the rapid change in demand of consumer behaviour. Zara is enjoying competition in fast fashion today as they are dominating in all areas. Over the last few years Zara have been a customer magnet, there fast distribution network of Zara is able to satisfy millions of customers with the rapid change in fast fashion and demand. In coming years Zara will need to be even more innovative as fashion is changing and competitors are always looking to improve therefore it is essential Zara stay on top of their game to ensure they are on top of their game. Zara Case Study free essay sample Huge rolls of fabrics are moved into the factory and placed on tables. Then a laser-guided machine cuts the fabrics according to the pattern. The cut textile is bagged and distributed to local sewing cooperatives. They return the finished garments to Zara’s factory within a week. After that, workers handle finishing touches to the clothes, such as adding buttons and details. Each garment is checked for quality. Once the checking is complete, the clothes are individually ironed. Then labels for each country are attached. After tagging, the garments are sent to Zara’s nearby distribution centre via a tunnel. At the massive centre all clothes are allocated first by country, then by individual store. This is done by a moving carousel of hanging rails. Using electronic bar codes each shop’s orders are carefully placed on the appropriate moving rail. Zara transports its products to the United States and Asia by plane in 48 hours. We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Europe garments are distributed with trucks within a day. Finally, clothes are placed on show windows in elegant and spacious stores in the world’s ritziest shopping locations. (source: Capell, 2006) 2. Which type of vertical marketing system does Zara exhibit? List all the benefits that Zara receives by having adopted this system. As Kotler (2008) states a vertical marketing system (VMS) is a distribution channel system in which manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers have contracts between each other and one of them dominates the whole VMS, or in other words, they act as a unified system. A vertical marketing system consists of three main types: corporate, contractual and administrated. Zara uses corporate VMS – the entire distribution chain is under the control of the company. Zara has tight control over every aspect of the company’s supply chain – from designs to distribution. By adopting this system the company is able to move designs from sketch pad to stores in only two weeks (Capell, 2008). This system makes Zara not only fast but also quite flexible. It can easily change its products (clothe lines) in response to changing fashion and customer wants. Moreover, Zara’s corporate VMS makes the company more efficient and profitable than its competitors. By shipping products directly to its stores, Zara saves time, eliminates the need of warehouses and keeps the inventory to minimum. 3. Does Zara incur disadvantages from its â€Å"fast-fashion† distribution system? Are these disadvantages offset by the advantages? By using ‘’fast-fashion’’ distribution system, Zara faces both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, according to Tiplady (2006) Zara’s „fast fashion† distribution system helps the company to reduce the exposure to fashion faux pas. Zara produces small quantities of new clothe lines, so that if no one wants to buy them, it can cut its losses quickly and move on to another trend. Such an example occurred in 2003, when because of unseasonably warm autumn, people didn’t want to buy warm clothes. Another advantage of Zara’s fast VMS is that the company does not need to spend a lot on advertising (Tiplady, 2006). Zara introduces new lines every week, which keeps customers coming back again and again. Moreover, as Capell (2008) states, by adapting „fast fashion† distribution system Zara does not have to cut prices to mass quantities of out-of-season stock. The company can even charge more, because its clothe lines are adjusted to the most current looks. On the other hand, Zara’s distribution system has some disadvantages, too. As Capell (2008) states, Zara spends more money on workers’ salaries than its competitors. Because its clothe lines are produced mainly in Europe, the company has to spend more on European labour wages than, for example, on Asian. For instance, an average salary for worker in Spain is about $1,650 whereas in China is approximately $206. Another disadvantage of „fast-fashion† distribution system is the high cost of transportation (Capell, 2008). In order to keep up with deadlines, Zara has to use airplane shipment which is one of the most expensive means of transport.